Carbon dioxide is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry. It is mainly produced as an unrecovered side product of four technologies: combustion of fossil fuels, production of hydrogen by steam reforming, ammonia synthesis, and fermentation. Carbon dioxide is used to produce carbonated soft drinks and soda water. It also finds use as an atmosphere for welding, although in the welding arc, it reacts to oxidize most metals. Carbon dioxide extinguishes flames, and some fire extinguishers, especially those designed for electrical fires, contain liquid carbon dioxide under pressure. Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important refrigerants, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transportation and storage of ice cream and other frozen foods. Lid carbon dioxide is called “dry ice” and is used for small shipments where refrigeration equipment is not practical. A candy called Pop Rocks is pressurized with carbon dioxide gas at about 40 bar (580 psi). When placed in the mouth, it dissolves (just like other hard candy) and releases the gas bubbles with an audible pop. Co2 is used for laser with the dermatology field, cryotherapy and other medical procedures. Not all restaurants and bars require the same quantity of beer gas/CO2. Hotels, restaurants and large sports & entertainment venues require bulk CO2.

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